Asthma in children and adolescents
Description
An in-depth report on how asthma is diagnosed, treated, and managed in children and adolescents.
Symptoms
In children with asthmatic symptoms, it is important to first consider as a possible cause inhaled foreign objects such as peanuts; viral infections such as croup; and bacterial infections, which may be accompanied by high fever and progress rapidly. Any child who has frequent coughing or respiratory infections should be checked for asthma.
Typical Asthma Symptoms
The classic symptoms of an asthma attack include:
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Wheezing when breathing out is nearly always present during an attack. Usually the attack begins with wheezing and rapid breathing, and, as it becomes more severe, all breathing muscles become visibly active.
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Shortness of breath (
dyspnea
). Shortness of breath is a major source of distress in patients with asthma, although severe dyspnea does not always reflect a serious attack or reduced lung function.
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Coughing. In some people, the first symptom of asthma is a nonproductive cough.
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Chest tightness or pain. Initial chest tightness without any other symptoms may be an early indicator of a serious attack.
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Neck muscles may tighten, and talking may become difficult or impossible.
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Rapid heart rate
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Sweating
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Chest pain occurs in about 75% of patients. It can be very severe, although its intensity is not necessarily related to the severity of the asthma attack itself.
The end of an attack is often marked by a cough that produces thick, stringy mucus. After an initial acute attack, inflammation persists for days to weeks, often without symptoms. (The inflammation itself must still be treated, however, because it usually causes relapse.)
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Review Date: 3/26/2007
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Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital.
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