Risk Factors:

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is reported in women in many cultures worldwide. About 80% of women in their reproductive years have some emotional and physical symptoms before their periods that impair daily activities. Between 3 - 8% of women report very severe symptoms, notably premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). A number of factors may put a woman at higher risk for PMS.

Age

The risk for severe PMS is higher in younger women, and onset usually begins around the mid-twenties. Some evidence suggests that PMS symptoms diminish after age 35. Naturally, PMS and any manifestation of it end at menopause.

Psychologic Factors

Women with a history of or susceptibility to depression may be at increased risk for PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Cultural factors may also affect the perception and severity of PMS symptoms.

Other Factors Associated with PMS

Studies have found some factors associated with a higher risk for PMS or more severe symptoms, (although the evidence behind these claims is not very strong):

• Having a mother who had PMS
• Being sedentary
• Stress
• High-sugar diet
• Consumption of large amounts of caffeine
• Alcohol abuse
• Women with more children may experience more severe symptoms than those with fewer children