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Displasia cervical - Información general

Nombres alternativos

Cambios precancerosos del cuello uterino; Neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC)

Definición:

Es el crecimiento anormal de células en la superficie del cuello uterino y, aunque no es un cáncer, se considera una afección precancerosa.

La displasia cervical se agrupa en tres categorías:

  • NIC I: displasia leve (pocas células son anormales)
  • NIC II: displasia moderada a acentuada
  • NIC III: displasia severa a carcinoma in situ (células precancerosas únicamente en la capa superior del cuello uterino)

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La mayoría de los casos de displasia cervical ocurre en mujeres de 25 a 35 años

La causa se desconoce; sin embargo, los siguientes factores pueden incrementar el riesgo:

  • Parejas sexuales múltiples
  • Volverse sexualmente activo antes de los 18 años de edad
  • Dar a luz antes de los 16 años
  • Si la madre tomó una droga llamada dietilestilbestrol (DES) durante el embarazo
  • Infecciones de transmisión sexual, en especial VIH o el virus del papiloma humano (verrugas genitales)
  • Fecha de revisión: 5/26/2008
  • Versión en inglés revisada por:Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine; Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
  • Traducción y localización realizada por: DrTango, Inc

Referencias

Noller KL. Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Lower Genital Tract (Cervix, Vulva) : Etiology, Screening, Diagnostic Techniques, Management. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007: chap. 28.

Wright TC Jr, Cox JT, Massad LS, Twiggs LB, Wilkinson EJ; ASCCP-Sponsored Consensus Conference. 2001 Consensus Guidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities. JAMA. 2002 Apr 24;287(16):2120-9. Review.

Hoffman MS, Martino MA. 2001 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Sep;191(3):1049

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