Definition of Menkes syndrome:

Menkes syndrome is an inborn error of metabolism in which cells in the body cannot absorb enough copper.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Menkes syndrome is caused by a defect in the ATP7A gene. The defect makes it hard for body to proper distribute and absorb copper. As a result, the brain and other parts of the body do not get enough copper. Insufficient copper levels can affect the structure of bone, skin, hair, and blood vessels and interfere with nerve function. In the meantime, copper builds up in the small intestine and kidneys.

Menkes syndrome is inherited, which means it runs in families. It is inherited in an x-linked recessive condition.